Guidance

Guidance Methods -

VV-MM

Visual - demonstrations to help create mental image of the skill
Must be accurate - Focus on the key aspects - Cue - Repeat the demo
Advantages
Easy to see the demo and create a mental image
Good for cognitive learners
Key part to observational learning
Disadvantages
Performer has to be capable of replicating the demo (Law of Readiness)
Demo may be to quick or unclear

Verbal - describing the action - often used in conjunction with visual
Effective for associative and autonomous

Advantages
Good in the use of extrinsic feedback
Hold the attention of the performer
Can motivate the performer
Disadvantages
Can lead to information overload - especially in cognitive stage
Instructions could be inaccurate and unclear.

Manual - Physically moving the performer into the correct position
Mechanical - Supporting the performer using some equipment.
Provide  kinesthesis by supporting - especially dangerous skills

Advantages
Sense of safety for performer
Can isolate performances to concentrate on a  specific subroutine (Part) (Whole-part-whole)
Disadvantages
Can give false kinesthesis
over restrictive
not true flow of the skill

  

Cognitive Theory of Learning

3 P's                                                                 and a                                        Wii...........


















Problem Solving                                                                                       Whole
Perception                                                                                         Insight Learning
Past Experiences                                                                            Intervening Variables


PS - trial and error                                                                          W - Best learnt as a whole
P - Making sense and interpreting environment                           IL - Understanding based on 3P
PE - Using previous experience to form a response                    IV - Mental processes to help PS