Guidance

Guidance Methods -

VV-MM

Visual - demonstrations to help create mental image of the skill
Must be accurate - Focus on the key aspects - Cue - Repeat the demo
Advantages
Easy to see the demo and create a mental image
Good for cognitive learners
Key part to observational learning
Disadvantages
Performer has to be capable of replicating the demo (Law of Readiness)
Demo may be to quick or unclear

Verbal - describing the action - often used in conjunction with visual
Effective for associative and autonomous

Advantages
Good in the use of extrinsic feedback
Hold the attention of the performer
Can motivate the performer
Disadvantages
Can lead to information overload - especially in cognitive stage
Instructions could be inaccurate and unclear.

Manual - Physically moving the performer into the correct position
Mechanical - Supporting the performer using some equipment.
Provide  kinesthesis by supporting - especially dangerous skills

Advantages
Sense of safety for performer
Can isolate performances to concentrate on a  specific subroutine (Part) (Whole-part-whole)
Disadvantages
Can give false kinesthesis
over restrictive
not true flow of the skill

  

Cognitive Theory of Learning

3 P's                                                                 and a                                        Wii...........


















Problem Solving                                                                                       Whole
Perception                                                                                         Insight Learning
Past Experiences                                                                            Intervening Variables


PS - trial and error                                                                          W - Best learnt as a whole
P - Making sense and interpreting environment                           IL - Understanding based on 3P
PE - Using previous experience to form a response                    IV - Mental processes to help PS

BAHL

Day 5  Make March Memorable

What is BAHL?

Balanced Active Healthy Lifestyle

WE ARE NOT TALKING ABOUT SKILLS!!!!!!

so what are we looking at.......

healthy diet
loosing weight
30mins x 5 days (adults)
friends active
role models
5 a day fruit and veg
particpation
lifelong activity

Drive Reduction Theory

Day 2 Make March Memorable

Drive Reduction Theory.......

1. Need to Learn          (want to learn a tennis serve)
2. Drive to satisfy need (practice a serve)
3. Need is mastered      ( can serve)

If still learning the serve......

Drive Reduction occurs - bordem/loss of motivation.

SO......

A new skill (need) is introduced to regain motivation.

How does this affect BAHL?

Give up BAHL
Give up because bored
Give up because reached target weight or fitness

Inverted U Theory

Day 25 Face February Fighting


* As arousal increases so does performance.......
   up to
* an optimum point (Zone of Optimal Arousal)....
   then
* over arousal will lead to a decrease in performance.

The graph is modified because of these variables....

* Fine skills performed more effectively at low arousal (Archery shot) and Gross skills high arousal (Weightlifting)

*Cognitive stage - lower arousal better for optimum
  Autonomous stage - higher arousal better for optimum

* Introverts prefer lower arousal for optimum performance, extroverts higher arousal for optimum.

Examples

Under aroused - Rugby player half heartedly tackles
Optimum - Tackle is solid with good technique
Over aroused - Tackle is out of control, high tackle - give away a penalty

WAT - walking whilst on SSR.  1.8km.  Laps around the school!!!!
#cheatedalittlebutheywhocares

Simple or Complex Skill classification

Day 22 Face February Fighting

Simple Skill

 

Few decisions to make

Limited information Processing

Few subroutines

 

 

 

Complex Skill

 

Lots of decisions to make

Lots of information processing

Lots of subroutines

 

 

WAT - 3-1 defeat at hockey.  Boo

#hatelosing

 

 

Which practice methods to use????

Day 19 Face February Fighting

How do coaches choose which practice methods are most effective in given situations?




1. The classification of the skill
2. The skill level of the performer
    or which stage of learning they are at.
3. The motivation of the performer
4. What resources are available to the coach
5. The situation the performance is in.

WAT - DIY still,  bathroom now!  Sport tomorrow.

Mental practice

Day 18 of Face February Fighting

Mental Practice

Creates a mental picture of the skill..........

so.........

Performer understands the requirements of the skill.

therefore........

it helps the performer remember what the skill looks like.

because of all this.....

it can control arousal levels
and
improve confidence
and
reduce reaction time.

Catastrophe Theory

Answers......

1. As arousal increases so does performance up to an optimal point
2. If aroual continues or gets too high.......
3. There is a sudden decrease in performance
4. High cognitive and somatic arousal
5. Body coordination is lost
6. So concentration is difficult and cant make correct decisions
7. If arousal can be lowered and emotions controlled you can get back on the upward curve
8. If arousal continues to increase then performance will worsen further

Perceptual Mechanism - Info Proc

Day 10 of "Face February Fighting"

How does the perceptual mechanism affect performance?

Perceptual is making sense and judging the environment. 
Good perception enhances performance.

why?????

You can selectively attend to the relevent stimuli so you can react more quickly.   You can decode information and select the appropriate motor programme from LTM.  Also you can use schema theory effectively.

WAT - 60mins Hockey practice

Not as cold this week, definately a defender!!!

#greatsocks #notdoingMrMorrisstickjustice

Anticipation

Day 5 of "Face February Fighting"

Anticipation

This is the ability to predict future events from early signals or past experience.

Anticipation relies on experience to recognise stimuli that allow the performer to process information before an event occurs. For example an experienced batsman (autonomous) may be able to predict the bowler’s delivery by watching their hand and arm action, whereas a novice (cognitive) would have to watch the ball bounce before deciding which shot to play.

Correct anticipation should reduce response time.

Incorrect anticipation will lead to increased response time

Spatital Anticipation is predicting what will happen

Temporal Anticipation is predicting when it will happen

A combination of the two is perfect for an open skill situations.

Performers can prevent opponents anticipating their action by being unpredictable (using a dodge or dummy to confuse opponent), randomising actions (using different shots or passes to remain unpredictable) and by disguising actions (pretending to take a shot before passing).

WAT

Bad planning left no time available.  Lesson needs learning. Poor planning, poor performance.

 

# FFF #wasntaprettysight #wontmakethismistakeagain

Schema Theory..........

Day 2 of “Face February Fighting”

Schema theory is all about adapting motor programmes to suit the requirements of the skill being undertaken.

Its split into 4 parameters..........
Recall Schema
1. Initial Conditions
Awareness of the environment around you (Where am I, Have I been in this situation before?)
eg - What distance are you away from the basket?

2. Response Specifications
The requirements of the skill (What do I have to do?)
eg - what speed/height/trajectory do i need to shoot the basketball?

Recognition Schema
3. Sensory Consequences
Kinaesthesis or Intrinsic feedback (What does it feel like?)
eg - The feeling on the release of the shot.

4. Movement Outcomes
End result. (How successful was I?)
eg - The ball goes in the hoop/the ball misses

WAT - 4.3km run #needanewlung #FFF

 

Motor Programmes

The Tennis Serve completed by Andy Murray is a Motor Programme.




The motor programme is a movement pattern and it is stored in Long Term Memory.  One decision inititates the movement and its made up of subroutines performed in sequence. (bit like a recipe)

MP - Tennis Serve

Subroutines
stance/grip/toss/swing/connection/follow through

MP are established through practice and positive reinforcement and feedback.

Multi Memory Store

Abilites

Abilities.........Are........
Genetic/Innate/Stable/Enduring/Foundation for skill.

Split into 2 categories

Gross Motor........
Large movements
Speed/Strength/Power/Flexibilty/Stamina -
NOT SKILLS!!!!

Psychomotor
Thinking/Processing Information
Aiming/Decision making/Reaction Time/ Dexterity -
NOT SKILLS!!!!

Skilful performances.........

Skill at its very best folks!!!! 

Can you find anything better??????

Catastrophe Theory

1) As arousal increases so does performance to an optimal level

2) Then there is a sudden decrease in performance (catastrophe)

3) So body control and coordination are lost

4) Unable to concentrate, making poor decisions

5) If arousal is reduced the performer can get back on the upward graph

6) If arousal continues to increase performance will decrease.

Motivational Strategies for a balanced and active lifestyle

Positive reinforcement; Praise to keep going

Fun; Enjoyable so carried on

Social; More likely to participate

Targets; Attainable so inspirational

Skills/Fitness; Improving so continued participation

Role Models; Copy successful models

Transfer; Not as difficult if positive transfer is there

Progression; Leading to achievement

Abilities

Abilities from ashfieldpe

Types of Transfer

Positive

When a skill or movement HELPS
the learning or performance of anther.

        Overarm throw        to........             Javelin






  Negative

When a skill or a movement HINDERS
 the learning or performance of another

Badminton    to    Tennis
grip                     grip






Proactive

When a previously learnt skill (in the past) affects the learning of a new/future skill.

eg - The smash learnt in badminton will affect learning the new tennis smash

Retroactive

When a learning of a new skill affects a previously learnt skill

Bilateral

Performing a skill using limbs from both sides of the body

eg - Kicking a ball right footed and transferring that knowledge to the left foot.